Python ยท Chapter 11 of 45
Python Operators
Operators are special symbols that perform operations. Python has arithmetic, comparison, logical, assignment, membership and identity operators.
Operator precedence follows standard math โ use parentheses when unsure.
Categories
Arithmetic: + - * / // % **. Comparison: == != < > <= >=. Logical: and or not. Membership: in, not in. Identity: is, is not.
Assignment shortcuts
`x += 1` is the same as `x = x + 1`. Works with -=, *=, /=, //=, %=, **=.
Example 1 (python)
x = 10
x += 5
x *= 2
print(x)Output
3010 + 5 = 15, then 15 * 2 = 30.
Example 2 (python)
fruits = ["apple", "banana"]
print("apple" in fruits)
print("grape" not in fruits)Output
True
True`in` tests membership in any sequence.
Key points
- Arithmetic, comparison, logical, assignment, membership, identity.
- `==` compares values; `is` compares identity (same object in memory).
- `in` tests membership.
- Use parentheses to make precedence explicit.
๐ก Note: Only use `is` for singletons like `None` โ `if x is None:`. For everything else use `==`.