Python · Chapter 35 of 45

Math Module

The `math` module provides constants and functions for numeric math: `pi`, `e`, `sqrt`, `sin`, `cos`, `log`, `factorial`, `ceil`, `floor`.

For whole-number-only functions use `math.floor`/`math.ceil`; for random numbers use the `random` module.

Common functions

`sqrt(x)`, `pow(x,y)`, `log(x)`, `sin(x)`, `factorial(n)`, `gcd(a,b)`.

`math.pi`, `math.e`, `math.inf`, `math.nan`.

Example 1 (python)

import math
print(math.sqrt(50))
print(math.pi)
print(math.factorial(5))

Output

7.0710678118654755
3.141592653589793
120

Common math functions and constants.

Example 2 (python)

import math
print(math.ceil(4.1))
print(math.floor(4.9))

Output

5
4

Round up (ceil) and down (floor).

💡 Note: For heavy numeric work with arrays, use NumPy — it is orders of magnitude faster than pure Python.