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JavaBeginner#fundamentals

What is the difference between static and instance methods?

Static methods belong to the class and can be called without an object instance; they cannot access instance (non-static) fields directly. Instance methods operate on an object's state and require an instance to invoke.

Example
class MathUtil { static int square(int x) { return x*x; } }
MathUtil.square(5); // no instance needed, returns 25

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